As part of the Digital Inclusion Initiative (DII), five country-specific research reports have been developed by national experts in Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Albania. These reports provide an in-depth analysis of the state of digital inclusion in each national context, examining both the policy environment and on-the-ground realities.
Through a combination of desk research, stakeholder consultations, and focus groups, the reports identify key trends, barriers, and opportunities related to digital access, digital skills, infrastructure, and participation - especially among marginalized groups such as women, youth, rural populations, and ethnic minorities.
Each report also offers tailored policy recommendations and highlights areas where civil society organizations can play a more active role in shaping inclusive digital transformation. The reports form the evidence base for national coalition agendas and advocacy efforts under the DII project.
Kosovo: National Report & Policy Brief
North Macedonia: National Report & Policy Brief
Albania: National Report & Policy Brief
Bosnia and Herzegovina: National Report & Policy Brief
Serbia: National Report & Policy Brief
The Digital Inclusion Initiative Project - DII has published the Comparative Report “Towards Digital Justice,” which analyses digital inclusion challenges across Kosovo, North Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia.
The report was produced within the framework of the project and aims to strengthen the capacity of civil society organisations to promote inclusive digital transformation and participatory democracy in the Western Balkans.
The findings highlight persistent barriers to digital inclusion affecting vulnerable groups, including older persons, persons with disabilities, and ethnic minorities. Key challenges identified include limited access to affordable connectivity and devices, insufficient digital skills, inaccessible digital public services, fragmented policy approaches, and a lack of sustainable public funding.
The report recommends the development of a unified digital inclusion framework aligned with EU standards, structured around:
This publication provides evidence-based insights and recommendations to support policymakers, civil society organisations, and other stakeholders in advancing inclusive digital policies across the region.
Read the full comparative report here: DII COMPARATIVE REPORT
